The present invention relates to a multifunctional material and its preparation method and application. The multifunctional material has a three-dimensional porous melamine-formaldehyde resin substrate with high porosity; Fe3O4/PDA composite nanoparticles with photothermal effect are deposited on the melamine-formaldehyde resin substrate to form Fe3O4PDA@MF. A pH/temperature responsive copolymer NIPAAmcoDMAEMA consisting of n-isopropylacrylamide and 2(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate is polymerized in situ on Fe3O4PDA@MF to form a foam surface layer. The surface layer of the foam is modified with cetyltrimethoxysilane to form a PFe3O4PDA@MF functional pH/thermal responsive, flame retardant, and bactericidal oil absorbent foam with switchable surface wettability. The multifunctional pH/thermal response, flame retardant, and bactericidal absorbent foam is used for the recycling of high viscosity crude oil by absorption and desorption, and it can be connected with power supply and light beads for the application of pre-fire alarms.
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